Abstract Manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) tends to get trapped in local optima as it relies on the direction provided by the previous individual and the best individual as guidance to search for the optimal solution.As enriching population diversity can effectively solve this problem, in this paper, we introduce a hierarchical structure and w
Phthalate esters (PEs, Phthalates) are environmentally ubiquitous as a result of their extensive use as plasticizers and additives in diverse consumer products.Considerable concern relates to their reported xenoestrogenicity and consequently, microbial-based attenuation of environmental PE concentrations bat is of interest to combat harmful downstr
In order to solve the problem of limited driving speed of piezoelectric actuators when the piezoelectric components Front Grille Products are small and the driving frequency is low.This paper proposes a bi-directional piezoelectric stick-slip actuator, which mainly utilizes the combination of flexible drive foot and lever amplification mechanism to